For example, in the following sentence, Bill is upset while he's standing
in a noisy sweatshop.
"What the hell am I supposed to do now?" Bill shouted, angrily.
With the stage properly set, it would not have been necessary to
include the last word of the sentence. Instead of using an adverb
to establish that Bill was angry, we could have offered a visual
description of his reaction to let our readers know.
"What the hell am I supposed to do now?" Bill shouted over the din of
the machinery, his face growing red. His fist landed hard, forming a
large dent on the top of his toolbox.
In both examples, we know that Bill is upset. In the first one, we are
simply told about it. In the second, we get to experience being angry
right along with Bill. Which one is more memorable?
The power of adverbs can often be seductive, to the point where
writers end up telling a story instead of showing it. Try a simple
exercise. Pick a scene from your writing and rewrite it substituting
action or description for as many adverbs as possible.
Let's call on our friend Bill, again to show how this might be done.
Which of these two passages enhances your own reading experience?
Bill walked clumsily to the door.
Or
With a wave of his hand, he was off, across the room on unsteady
legs. His first encounter with the furniture, accentuated by the sharp
crack of his shin against the coffee table, sent him reeling against the
sofa. Undaunted, Bill turned with an easy smile and hobbled to the
door with as much dignity as he could salvage.
Another misuse of adverbs arises out of a writer's zeal to appear
clever. For most applications, one should refrain from using adverbs,
real or invented, that would not normally be used in conversation.
One can certainly grope blindly around in a darkened room. But,
please abstain from having your characters make their way gropingly
to safety. People should probably not act manipulatively, approach
stealthily, question penetratingly or exist non-consanguineously
within their families. And, please, don't let anyone do anything
impactfully.
If your writing relies heavily upon adverbs to convey moods, behavior,
or disposition, perhaps a review is in order. You may find that by
substituting action or dialogue for a few adverbs, you will greatly
enhance the reader's journey through your pages.